CURRENT ISSUES AND KEY THEMES 65 The External Environmental Policy of the European Union
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The role of the European Union in coming to the rescue of the Kyoto Protocol has certainly raised its profile, but should not obscure the fact that the European Commu-nity and the Union have long been significant in interna-tional environmental diplomacy.1 Alongside the member States, the Community is a signatory of many of the ma-jor environmental conventions and agreements, including the Montreal and Kyoto Protocols. Of the 71 agreements covered in this Yearbook, it has signed 39 in its own right. It is impossible to survey any of the key issues in contem-porary environmental politics—climate change, biotech-nology, the trade–environment nexus, sustainable devel-opment—without encountering the policies and actions of the Union. Yet there are both practical and analytical difficulties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.023 | 0.026 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.024 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".