Dispatches Persistent Infection of Pets within a Household with Three Bartonella Species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We monitored by blood culture and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) bartonella infection in one dog and eight cats in a household to determine the prevalence and persistence of the infection as well as its transmissibility to humans. Ectoparasite control was rigorously exercised. During a 3-year period, Bartonella clarridgeiae was recovered from one cat on two occasions, and B. henselae was isolated from another cat on four occasions. During a 16-month period, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was isolated from the dog on 8 of 10 culture attempts. Despite extensive household contact, the pet owner was seronegative to all three species by IFA for Bartonella-specific immunoglobulin G. Bartonella species are hematotropic bacteria that have been isolated from humans, cats, dogs, wildlife species, rodents, and arthropods. The mammalian reservoir for B. clarridgeiae and B. henselae is the domestic cat, in which asymptomatic infection can be maintained for long periods (1–3). Feline infection with B. henselae is widespread throughout the world, and B. clarridgeiae has been isolated from cats in Europe and various regions of the United States (4–6). Chomel et al. have demonstrated flea transmission of B. henselae between cats (7). Prolonged bacteremia has been demonstrated in cats, but to our knowledge persistent asymptomatic B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii infection in dogs, as described in this report, has not been previously documented. Human exposure to B. henselae can result in cat-scratch disease (CSD) or other medical conditions (8), and B. clarridgeiae was recently implicated as the cause of CSD in a veterinarian (6). B. vinsonii was originally isolated by Baker in 1946; splenic homogenates were cultured from voles that inhabited a former immigrant quarantine station on Grosse Isle, Canada (9). No other isolates of B. vinsonii were described until 1995 when we recovered a similar organism from a dog with valvular endocarditis (10). Subsequent
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".