DESCRIPTION OF THE FRENCH NATO CANDIDATE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes the narrow-band speech coder that was proposed by France as a candidate to the new NATO standard STANAG-4591. This dual–rate coder at 1.2 and 2.4 kbps is based on the HSX (Harmonic & Stochastic eXcitation) algorithm.. The 2.4 kbps version was first developed by the University of Sherbrooke [1], then refined by Thales Communications (formerly Thomson-CSF Communications). An extension at 1.2 kbps was later developed by Thales Communications. This half-rate version uses the same algorithmic core than the 2.4 kbps version, but achieves a lower bit rate by grouping 3 consecutive frames grouped into a single 67.5 ms super-frame [2]. A noise reduction procedure is considered as a part of the next NATO low bit rate speech coding standard.. This noise reduction system is based on the combination of two different noise reduction techniques. The first one is the Wiener filter under signal presence uncertainty. The second one is Lim’s filter, that takes into account the auto-regressive model of human voice [3]. These new coders provide a low complexity solution with increased intelligibility and quality compatible with a growing number of military, professional and commercial applications. 1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.077 | 0.056 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".