Geography 477: Field Studies in Physical Geography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glacier National Park, located in southeastern British Columbia, has been used for recreational purposes for over a century. Numerous trails in the park are used year round for hiking or backcountry skiing in the winter. The risks associated with the use of these trails ranges from bear encounters to triggering an avalanche. As in many mountainous regions, a high avalanche risk exists in the park during the winter due to the steep, rugged terrain and snow pack conditions. Along the Trans Canada Highway corridor through the park, avalanche activity is controlled and avalanche warning bulletins for the general area are released when necessary to minimize hazards. General avalanche information for the region is well documented; however specific information regarding the frequency of avalanches on some main trails is unavailable. In order to gain an understanding of the frequency of high magnitude avalanches on the popular Asulkan Valley Trail, dendrochronolgy was used to determine the ages of trees that were damaged by avalanches. Base cores were taken to determine the maximum age of trees on the perimeter of the avalanche path and scars were sampled to attempt to date avalanche events that damaged preexisting trees. While results are
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".