Emerging Trends In Forest Certification: The Role Of Chain Of Custody Systems 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The voluntary certification of forest products companies to ensure adherence to sustainable standards is a new development in the world of forestry. In North America there are a number of substantially different certification programs available to interested parties, each with its own costs and benefits. Among the many differences between certification programs, the structure and methods of verifying the supply chain – also called the chain of custody or simply COC – is an area where very different approaches have been applied and where the results are not completely understood. The scope of this study is limited to North American certification programs and includes a comparison between the origins, credibility and supply chain verification systems of the four leading certification programs widely implemented in North America: the Canadian Standards Association’s (CSA) Z809 standard on Sustainable Forest Management; the American Forest and Pulp Association’s (AF&PA) Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI); the International Organization for Standardization’s (ISO) standard 14001 on Environmental Management Systems; as well as the Forest Stewardship Council’s (FSC) certification program. A comprehensive review of available literature and an examination of the recent developments in
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".