Bibliographic record
Abstract
Email of the corresponding author: An overview of the global development of Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactors (SCWRs) has been given. The SCWR concept is the natural design path and ultimate evolution of conventional reactors today as the vast majority of modern power nuclear reactors are water cooled units. The move from subcritical to supercritical pressures by the thermal power industry over the past 50 years has been successful. The SCWR concept follows two main types of large reactor vessel as found in conventional Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) and Boiling Water Reactors (BWR); and distributed pressure tubes as found in Canadian and Russian nuclear reactor designs. The concept has been designed to operate with a thermal spectrum core, fast spectrum core or mixed spectrum core. SCWRs promise to increase the efficiency of modern nuclear power plants from 30- 35 % to about 40-45 % and reduce capital and operational costs. Most of the SCWR designs are still at the conceptual stage and are not expected to be implemented till 2030 because of the challenges faced in thermal-hydraulics and construction materials chemistry that would withstand supercritical conditions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.156 | 0.090 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".