General Description: Adapted from FNA (2002): This species is a
Bibliographic record
Abstract
perennial rhizomatous sedge with rhizomes that are 1/16 to 4 in. (0.2 to 10 cm) long. There are 2 to 12 culms that arise singly or in loose tufts. The culms are slightly rough because of the presence of short, stiff hairs. The culms are 4 to 15 in. (10 to 40 cm) tall. The lowest are reduced to bladeless or nearly bladeless sheaths. There are 1 to 3 foliage leaves per culm. The single spike consists of a slender terminal cone of 1 to 4 staminate flowers and 1 to 7 pistillate flowers. The pistillate scales are wider than and 2/3 the length of the perigynia. The perigynia are light green, becoming straw colored or pale brown, narrowly elongate-oblong, in. (5 to 7.8 mm) long by 0.7 to 1.1 mm wide, long-tapering, with an indistinct beak, and spongy for about 1 to 2 mm at the base. The achenes are 1/16 to 1/8 in. (2 to 2.4 mm) long by 0.8 to 1 mm wide, and the style is exserted 0.2 to 1.3 mm beyond the beak. Identification Tips: The small number of flowers per plant is a good diagnostic feature. Carex pauciflora is similar in appearance to C. pyrenaica and C. nigricans. These species can be distinguished by their perigynia and habitat. The perigynia of C. pauciflora are in. (6 to 7.5 mm) long and spongy for about 1 to 2 mm at the base. This species is found in sphagnum bogs. The perigynia of C. pyrenaica and C. nigricans are 1/8 in. (3 to 4.5 mm) long and not spongy-based. C. pyrenaica and C. nigricans are high-montane or alpine species and do not grow in sphagnum bogs. A technical key is needed for identification. Phenology: The species is identifiable from late May to early September. Range: Carex pauciflora is found throughout Canada, northern Eurasia, and the northern continental U.S. In Washington, this species
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.136 | 0.094 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".