Bibliographic record
Abstract
The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is native to the western U. S., but principal commercial production of the seed for oil is in other countries, especially Russia. World production of oil averaged near 8,026,150 tons from 1992 to 1994, and sunflower oil production in the U.S. has increased since 1966. Sunflowers are grown from southern Canada south to Mexico and Argentina and is the state flower of Kansas. The plant is a large, rough annual, with a stiff stem up to 10 or 12 feet tall. Leaves are cordate to ovate, rough, up to 12 inches long. The angular seeds are up to 1/2 inch long and are densely packed in the flat, terminal heads, which may be more than a foot across. Seeds are exposed in the head during growth. Seeds normally contain about 25 percent of the semi-drying oil, but this has been increased through breeding to above 40 percent. Oil is usually expressed by an initial cold press, followed by hot-pressing. The cold press oil is used as a salad and cooking oil and for margarine, the hot-press mainly in industry for paints, plastics, soaps, detergents and as a pesticide adjuvant. Oilseed sunflower seeds are usually smaller and are black in color. Oilseed hybrids generally have a thin The Crop Profile/PMSP database, including this document, is supported by USDA NIFA. hull that adheres to the kernel. Oilseed varieties can contain from 38 to 50 percent oil and about 20 percent protein. This seed produces a major source of the vegetable oil for the US and the world.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".