Bibliographic record
Abstract
An investigation into an international outbreak of Salmonella Oranienburg has been concluded without the causative agent being identified. Between 30 April and 5 August 2009, a total of 54 cases of S. Oranienburg were reported through the national laboratory surveillance system for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Thirty-eight of these had an identical pattern in Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and were identified as the outbreak strain (SORAXB.0017). Twenty-five of these cases occurred between 4 and 22 May (see figure 1) [1]. The median age of cases was 37 years (mean 40, range 0-75 years) and 47 % were female. Cases were identified from all regions with no clear geographical distribution. Simultaneously, S. Oranienburg cases with an identical PFGE pattern occurred in the USA (n=85), Canada (n=7) and Scotland (n=7). The age and sex profile of these cases was similar to the ones detected in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. S. Oranienburg is a comparatively rare pathogen and occasional, usually small outbreaks have been reported in the past associated with a variety of different vehicles including black pepper [2], mozzarella [3] and Tyrolean cheese [4], cantaloupe [5] and fruit salad [6], or chocolate [7]. The source of the largest reported outbreak (n=1505) was Japanese semi-dry cuttlefish [8].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.670 | 0.477 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".