Original Contribution Excess Transmission of the NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T Polymorphism in Families of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Topoisomerase II is a DNA-processing enzyme, and secondary acute myeloid leukemia has been associated with exposure to drugs that inhibit its action. Hence, prenatal exposure to chemicals that inhibit topoisomerase II could plausibly contribute to the incidence of childhood leukemia. The NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) enzyme is involved in the metabolism of topoisomerase II-inhibiting chemicals. A functional polymorphism (C609T) associated with reduced activity has been identified on the NQO1 gene. To assess its role in the etiology of child-hood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the authors studied transmission of the variant T allele in the families (parents and grandparents) of 657 affected children in Québec, Canada (1980–2000). Log-linear models that stratified on parental or grandparental mating types were used. Prenatal exposure to potential topoisomerase II inhibitors such as benzene and maternal smoking was studied, as well as interactions between the variant and these exposures. The variant allele was transmitted to cases more frequently than expected (for one or two copies of the allele vs. none, relative risk 1.39, 95 % confidence interval: 1.07, 1.79). There was no evidence of a maternally mediated genetic effect on risk, based on a log-linear assessment of genetic symmetry between mothers and fathers, nor was there evidence of interaction between the studied maternal exposures and the child or maternal variant. association; child; infant; leukemia; linkage (genetics); models, genetic; NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone); polymorphism, genetic
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".