Presented to the Canadian Political Science Association
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: The post 9/11 move by democracies to enact security measures which challenge both domestic constitutional and international legal human rights norms, such as the creation of the Guantánamo Bay prison camp, the practice of extraordinary rendition, and the use of torture in interrogations has resulted in growing scholarly concern with the problem of states of exception. These measures, whether considered justified or not, are conceptualized by some theorists as belonging to a temporal condition associated with war time emergency. Other more critical scholars, in contrast, examine exceptions in their relation to the constitution of sovereign power. In exploring these contending analytical perspectives, my paper aims to better understand the character of contemporary exceptionalism. Using American intelligence agencies in both the pre and post 9/11 period as a case study, I explore the extent to which covert and clandestine state security practices have ever been constrained by a substantive conception of the rule of law and human rights. I ask how exceptional the current state of exception really is. In doing so, I find that norms of exception are a part of ordinary state security practice, but that an excessive focus on sovereign decision and legal black holes obscures the ambiguities of Bush administration policy. Despite the extremely troubling nature of the war on terror, I conclude there is hope for societal contestation and the rule of law as checks on human rights abuses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.519 | 0.121 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".