2 The Participation of Female Immigrants in Vocational Training
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper studies the transition of female immigrants from the former Soviet Union to the Israeli labor market and their participation in government-sponsored training programs. To study the determinants of the duration to training we estimate a Cox proportional hazard model. We Þnd that higher education leads to a signiÞcantly shorter duration to training, whereas immigrants who were older at arrival have a longer duration to training. We formulate a life-cycle model for the integrated labor supply and participation in training decisions. According to the model, the investment in human capital is endogenous and takes two forms: accumulating occupation-speciÞc work experience through an active participation in the Israeli labor market and participating in a government-sponsored classroom training, during which, the immigrant is not allowed to work. Simulating the model under the assumption that training administrators allow free entry to training programs, we are able to generate the observed peak in the participation in training during the third and fourth quarter after arrival, and a moderate decline in the participation rate after one year of residency in Israel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".