Bibliographic record
Abstract
Toronto Public Health led a review of Toronto’s idling control bylaw to determine how it could be improved. The review considered the benefits of reducing idling of vehicles, idling control bylaws in other jurisdictions, reasons why people idle, and information gathered during stakeholder consultations. Consultation with stakeholders indicated that the bylaw could be more effective if it was easier to understand and easier for the City to enforce. Suggestions for improvement included decreasing the allowed idling time, clarifying the language in the bylaw, removing some of the exemptions, and strengthening enforcement. Reducing permitted idling time from three minutes to one minute would reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants, and make the bylaw easier to enforce. A revised bylaw would also offer the opportunity to renew efforts to reduce idling in Toronto. Education and outreach could increase public knowledge about the impact of idling on greenhouse gas emissions and target specific areas or sectors which are a consistent source of complaints. This report updates a report that was on the November 2009 Board of Health agenda by responding to the Board of Health’s request for additional information about enforcing the bylaw.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.409 | 0.184 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".