267 Chapter 11 Arthropods of Stored Cereals, Oilseeds, and Their Products in Canada:
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Bulk grain is a dynamic, immature ecosystem with non-germinating seeds as “producers. ” Communities and populations of insects, mites, microflora, and occasionally vertebrates such as birds or rodents become associated with the seed, forming an integral part of the stored-grain ecosystem. Canada annually produces an average of 52 million tonnes of cereals. Most of this grain is stored on the farm, delivered to primary elevators, and finally moved by rail to terminal elevators on the coast or on the Great Lakes for sale abroad. There are 146 species of insects found in grain storage and cereal-processing facilities, but only 10–15 species occur frequently and most are beetles. Moths are often a problem in heated warehouses and terminal elevators in western and eastern Canada, especially from May through September. Climate, weather, and incoming grain condition dictate which species will become established and lead to major infestation. The diversity of insects and mites and levels of infestations in Canada are less than those in more moderate climates because Canada has a colder climate that limits the growth and population development of these species. Most farm-stored grain contains low levels of insects and mites, and they multiply and become a problem only during the warmer period after harvest. The most common insect pests in grain in western Canada are Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Tribolium castaneum, species that have very high rates of population increase (60- to 70-fold per month). Sitophilus granarius and Plodia interpunctella have greater cold hardiness than does T. castaneum, but they have rates of increase of only 15- to
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".