For Publisher’s use SOLAR NEUTRINO RESULTS FROM THE SUDBURY NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We describe here the measurement of the flux of neutrinos created by the decay of solar 8B by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). The neutrinos were detected via the charged current (CC) reaction on deuterium and by the elastic scattering (ES) of electrons. The CC reaction is sensitive exclusively to νe’s, while the ES reaction also has a small sensitivity to νµ’s and ντ’s. The flux of νe’s from 8 B decay measured by the CC reaction rate is φ CC (νe) = 1.75 ± 0.07 (stat.) +0.12 −0.11 (sys.) ± 0.05 (theor.) × 10 6 cm −2 s −1. Assuming no flavor transformation, the flux inferred from the ES reaction rate is φ ES (νx) = 2.39 ± 0.34 (stat.) +0.16 −0.14 (sys.) × 106 cm −2 s −1. Comparison of φ CC (νe) to the Super-Kamiokande Collaboration’s precision value of φ ES (νx) yields a 3.3σ difference, assuming the systematic uncertainties are normally distributed, providing evidence that there is a non-electron flavor active neutrino component in the solar flux. The total flux of active 8 B neutrinos is thus determined to be 5.44 ±0.99 ×10 6 cm −2 s −1, in close agreement with the predictions of solar models. 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.455 | 0.292 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".