57ième CONGRÈS CANADIEN DE GÉOTECHNIQUE 57TH CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE 5ième CONGRÈS CONJOINT SCG/AIH-CNN 5TH JOINT CGS/IAH-CNC CONFERENCE A Lower Limit for the Water Permeability Coefficient
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The unlimited decrease in the liquid water coefficient of permeability, kw, with increasing soil suctions produces a shut off of water flow. It is known, however, that significant quantities of water flow occur even at relatively high soil suctions and the extremely small values for kw can cause serious difficulties in the numerical solution of seepage problems. The objective of the present study is to suggest an appropriate lower limit for kw in order to ameliorate numerical difficulties. Two approaches for imposing lower limit for kw were evaluated. First, the residual conditions were used for the calculation of the minimum value of kw. The values of kw at the residual conditions were found to provide an inappropriate lower limit for kw. The second approach was based on the water vapour flow theory. A vapour permeability function was developed and used to determine the change in water vapour permeability with suction. Based on the comparison of liquid water and overall permeability functions, a lower limit for kw was established. The results presented herein suggest that a constant value of 1u10-14 m/s can be used as a minimum coefficient of liquid water permeability in liquid water flow analyses. RÉSUMÉ La diminution illimitée du coefficient de la perméabilité de l'eau liquide, kw, avec l'augmentation des succions de sol produit l’interruption de l'écoulement de l'eau. On le sait, cependant, que les quantités significatives d'écoulement de
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.288 | 0.077 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".