Session Twelve: Nearshore Fish Ecology and Interactions THE ESCAPE OF JUVENILE FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON FROM HATCHERIES INTO FRESHWATER STREAMS IN NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The escape of juvenile Atlantic salmon from freshwater hatcheries supplying the salmon farming indus-try is a route for interactions between wild and farmed fi sh; however, the scale of this problem has not been substantially examined. We monitored temporal trends in abundance of escaped juvenile farmed salmon in the Magaguadavic River and Chamcook Stream over several years. In addition, we assessed more than 90 per cent of the commercial hatcheries located adjacent to freshwater streams in New Brunswick and which were producing salmon smolts in 2004. Escaped juvenile fi sh were recorded in 75 per cent of the streams electrofi shed close to hatcheries. Numbers varied per site and among years. However, escaped juvenile salmon were found every year at sites near hatcheries in the Magaguadavic River and Chamcook Stream. In the Magaguadavic River, juvenile escapees outnumbered wild salmon parr in most years. These results highlight the need for the implementation of a containment strategy for freshwater hatcheries to reduce escapes. The use of European Atlantic salmon strains for commercial culture by the salmon farming industry has never been permitted in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Canada and has been prohibited in Maine, USA since 2003. Despite this, varying levels of European ancestry were detected in escaped farmed salmon obtained from the Magaguadavic River and Chamcook Stream, New Brunswick. Of the 53 escaped farm smolts from the Magaguadavic River and 17 escaped hatchery parr from Chamcook Stream analyzed, a single European type al-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.122 | 0.031 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".