after Mass Immunization Campaign
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A mass immunization campaign for 18-month to 19-year-olds was undertaken in Spain in 1996–1997 because of an epidemic of serogroup C meningococcal disease associated with a C:2b:P1.2,5 strain belonging to the A4 lineage. Surveillance for the “capsule-switching ” phenomenon producing B:2b:P1.2,5 isolates was undertaken. Of 2,975 meningococci characterized, B:2b:P1.2,5 and B:2b:P1.2 antigenic combinations were found in 18 isolates; 15 meningococci were defined as serogroup B belonging to the A4 lineage. I n the early 1990s, an increasing number of serogroup C meningococcal strains were observed in Spain (1). Besides a change in the predominant serogroup, an increase in the incidence of the meningococcal disease associated with a new variant of serogroup C (2) was detected. These strains were characterized as C:2b:P1.2,5. Their frequency in serogroup C meningococci in Spain increased from 4.6 % in 1993 to 65 % in 1996 (2). Meningococcal strains characterized as C:2b:P1.2,5 have been described in other countries (3), but they have not been associated with a similar epidemiologic change. However, C:2a:P1.2 isolates belonging to the ET15 lineage have been responsible for epidemic waves in the Czech Republic and Canada (4,5). As a result of the increase in such isolates in Spain, a mass immunization campaign focused at 18-month to 19-year-olds was conducted with the polysaccharide A+C vaccine in most of the country in 1996–1997 (6). Three years later, a new C conjugate vaccine was licensed in Spain. This vaccine was routinely introduced in autumn 2000 because an increase in the incidence of serogroup C cases was again detected. By contrast, B:2b meningococci, which were frequently isolated during a previous epidemic period in Spain (7), represented 1.9 % of the serogroup B strains characterized in our
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.145 | 0.069 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".