Marriage Migration in China l 173 Articles Marriage Migration in China: The Enlargement of Marriage Markets in the Era of Market Reforms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article shows that marriage migration is an important form of migration for women in contemporary China, accounting for between a quarter and a third of all female migration, and for over half the female migration from the poorer provinces. Uneven development and greatly improved communications have both contributed to the development of marriage migration as a significant phenomenon in post-reform China. Sometimes women themselves use marriage to escape poverty-stricken homes and to move up through the spatial hierarchy to more prosperous areas. In other cases their families arrange marriages for them in more developed places, even if these are very far away, in order to take advantage of the higher bride price prevalent in wealthier communities. Agents make money by effecting introductions and moving women physically, sometimes over thousands of miles. While doubtless some such marriages are advantageous for all parties, they often have adverse effects both for the vulnerable women involved and for the poorer areas, which suffer a net loss of women to the richer coastal areas. The study of internal migration in China tends to focus heavily on economics. Marriage migration is often ignored or mentioned only as a factor that inflates migration statistics. The implication is that somehow marriage migration is not real migration. Yet, under the definition of migration most usually employed in China, that is, a move across administrative boundaries, marriage migration
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".