Loss of glutathione S-transferases in pollution-associated liver
Bibliographic record
Abstract
2To whom correspondence should be addressed White suckers (Catostomus commersoni) are one of two species of bottom-feeding fish in which various liver neoplasms are more prevalent in urban/industrial sites in western Lake Ontario than in less polluted sites in the Great Lakes. Previous studies indicate that white suckers excrete metabolites of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bile, and that glutathione transferase (GST)-mediated conjugation is a major detoxification pathway for the PAH benzo[a]pyrene. To determine whether hepatocarcinogenesis in these wild fish is associated with induced GST-dependent resistance to carcinogens, we examined the expression of immunoreactive GSTs in liver neoplasms and putatively preneoplastic altered hepatocellular foci from white suckers collected from several polluted sites in western Lake Ontario. Histological sections
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".