Bibliographic record
Abstract
In psychological theory, sensations are the first experiential responses to stimuli that ultimately lead to (or become incorporated into) more elabor-ate perceptions of objects and events. What kind of experience is a sensation? It is difficult to get ‘behind ’ sensations because in some ways the phenomenal world is built up out of basic sensations; accounting for the qualia of experience is part of ‘the hard problem ’ of explaining consciousness. There are sensations that arise from external objects (the green and brown of a tree, the movement of its branches, the rustle of its leaves, the smell of its resin) and internal processes (heart palpitations, the bloated distension of the stomach, the heaviness of obstructed breathing, the insistent feelings of pain, nausea, dizziness, weakness or fatigue). These somatic experiences result in part from the activation of sense receptors and give rise to responses that occur, to some degree, prior to and outside conscious awareness. After more elaborate perceptual processing and cognitive interpretation, including the activation of various types of Vol 45(2): 139–141 DOI: 10.1177/1363461508089762 www.sagepublications.com Copyright © 2008 McGill University transcultural psychiatry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.607 | 0.386 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".