Prepared for the Robson Valley Enhanced Forest Management Pilot Project
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The two-year cycle spruce budworm, Choristoneura biennis (Freeman) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major defoliator of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii (Parry)), white Spruce (P. glauca (Moench) Voss)), Engelmann-white spruce hybrid, and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) in the interior of British Columbia. Repeated defoliation by this budworm causes top-kill, tree mortality, and loss of timber volume of host trees in affected forest ecosystems. The recorded range of two-year cycle budworm in British Columbia includes the Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir forests of the Rocky Mountains west across the sub-boreal spruce zone of the central interior and north in the boreal spruce zone to southwestern Yukon (Shepherd et al., 1995; Unger, 1984; Stehr, 1967). This range is adjacent to or overlaps with the ranges of three other species of spruce budworm in the genus Choristoneura but these other species generally have only a one-year life cycle. All of these species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. The two-year cycle budworm was named as a new species, Choristoneura biennis, in 1967 (Freeman, 1967). The two-year life cycle is distinctive in C. biennis and was recognized and described as early as 1932 (Mathers, 1932). The life cycle was described by Unger (1984): moths emerge from mid-July to early August, mate, and oviposit approximately 150 eggs in several masses on the needles of the host tree. Eggs
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.303 | 0.060 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".