LONG KNIVES, LONG MEMORIES AND “PEOPLES ’ PACKAGES”: THE FEDERAL STRATEGY FOR CONSTITUTIONAL PATRIATION AND THE DYNAMICS OF IDENTITY CONTENTION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Whether it is remembered as a traumatic event or great accomplishment, one thing that can be certain about the First Ministers ’ Conference of 1981 is that its legacy lives on in Canadian politics. Constitutional negotiations among the prime minister and provincial premiers in 1981 produced the only ‘packaged ’ agreement since Confederation to achieve even the minimal support necessary to achieve ratification. The resulting Constitution Act of 1982, which included the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, remains in place and is the principal manifestation of intergovernmental bargaining from over two decades ago. This study, which unfolds in four sections, attempts to assess the strategic interaction and conflict processes that took place between Ottawa and the provinces in negotiations leading up to that fateful November 1981 conference. Learning more about how respective governments represented provincial and national interests at that time may help in dealing with ongoing and similar conflicts today, that is, the difficult questions associated with regional and identity politics. After a brief overview, we review theorizing about conflict processes, with an emphasis on the dynamics of identity contention. Then the background to the constitutional crisis of 1980-81 is summarized. The next section focuses on the federal strategy in the crisis as indicated by minutes from cabinet meetings. Finally, the contributions of the preceding sections are summed up and ideas are put forward for further research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.022 | 0.057 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".