An Extended Kalman Observer for the In-Cylinder Air Mass Flow Estimation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Nowadays, every new gasoline car sold in US, Canada and Europe is equipped with a three-way catalytic converter (TWC) in combination with a fuel control system in order to reduce the pollutant emissions. For the maximum TWC conversion efficiency, the engine control has to furnish a stoichiometric air fuel mixture to the cylinders. For this purpose an estimation of the air incoming into cylinders becomes necessary in every driving condition, not only in steady-state operations, but especially during rapid throttle transients. A conventional speed-density equation, that evaluates the air incoming engine, depends on the engine speed and intake manifold pressure. The pressure signal is influenced by sensor dynamic and by pumping fluctuations due to periodic moving masses as engine valves. In this work, an Extended Kalman Filter is proposed as observer of the in-cylinder air mass flow rate. 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".