Forging glocal governance? Urban infrastructure as networked financial products
Bibliographic record
Abstract
2 Forging glocal governance? Urban infrastructures as networked financial products Abstract. Urban infrastructure provisions are increasingly shifting from public good to private property, becoming financial products, with cities and regions valued merely on a quarter-to-quarter basis. My argument in this paper is threefold. I argue that the urban infrastructure landscape is undergoing financialization. Additionally, building on Graham and Marvin (2001) who describe how infrastructure networks are being unbundled locally, I argue that these unbundled infrastructures are simultaneously being interlinked internationally via specialist global infrastructure funds. Third, with the opening up to international infrastructure capital, non-local owners, through abiding to contractual obligations, play an increasing role in the governance of infrastructure projects at the urban scale: a ‘glocal ’ form of governance is developing. I illustrate these arguments by investigating the case of the privatised toll-road 407 in the Greater Toronto Area, where the leading investment bank in the field of ‘infrastructure ’ is one of the global owners. With increased used of the international norms of commercial law and the fluctuating cycle of local, national and supranational politics, a toll-pricing controversy has
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.038 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".