Bibliographic record
Abstract
the ew ear 20th century as well as the more extensive and systematic studies of water masses and circulation made early concepts of the connections and exchanges between the Arctic Ocean and the world ocean are also ocean surface northernmost part of the North Atlantic (Sverdrup et al., 1942). It communicates with the North Atlantic through Fram Strait and the Barents Sea via the Nordic Seas and across the Greenland– Scotland Ridge, and through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago via Baffin Bay and Davis Strait. Fram Strait is the only deep passage, 2600 m, and the only one allowing for a two-way exchange. In the 200–300 m deep Barents Sea there is an inflow from the North f myth an ulation with the drift of Fram 1893–1896 (Nansen, 1902). this expedition hopes of an ice free ocean and of large un ered land areas would not be abandoned. The Fram expediti covered many of the most fundamental features of the Arctic Ocean. It is an enclosed ocean with extensive shelf areas and a deep central basin (Fig. 1). That the Arctic Ocean is deep came as a sur-prise and the party on Fram had to improvise to get enough rope to carry out soundings and water sampling. The Arctic Ocean was found stratified in salinity and the stability in the upper part was sufficiently strong to reduce the mixing with the water below, allowing the upper low salinity layer to be cooled to freezing tem-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.233 | 0.122 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".