CPSA Paper- Spronk DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZATION: STRUGGLES AGAINST WATER PRIVATIZATION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The impasse of development studies of the mid-1980s initiated many attempts to construct theories of development that avoid the perceived economism and functionalism of Marxistinspired development theories (Schuurman 1993). With the exhaustion of the impasse debate, international development studies is confronting yet another challenge: globalization. As the authors of a recent review of international development studies in Canada observe, globalization threatens to create another “impasse ” because “we have an inability to decide whether to treat it as a fundamental paradigm shift away from development, or to examine it from the perspective of development as just another notion that adds to the complexity of the paradigm itself” (Vainio-Mattila, Inwood, and Parmar 2004:162). This paper contributes to this debate by critically evaluating two different perspectives on the relationship between globalization and “development”. Philip McMichael adopts the former perspective, arguing that “globalization ” represents a fundamental paradigm shift away from “development”. Henry Veltmeyer and James Petras, by contrast, argue that “globalization ” is just another phase in a long process of imperialist expansion. The first part of the paper outlines how the authors define the relationship between
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".