Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ozone in the lower atmosphere causes damage to plants and affects human health. It also contributes to the greenhouse effect and damages materials. These problems are a major con-sideration in current European negotiations on transboundary air pollution. Ground-level ozone is formed from nitrogen oxides and hydro-carbons under the influence of sunlight. Transport is the single most important source of these pollutants, although energy production and various types of industry also account for signifi-cant emissions. Concentrations of ground-level ozone have risen substantially in the course of the 20th century. In addition, ozone ‘episodes ’ – short periods in which ozone levels are greatly increased – sometimes occur, chiefly in the spring and summer. This report describes the mechanisms of ozone formation, current levels of ozone in Sweden, and national and international environmental objectives relating to ground-level ozone. The emphasis is on ozone’s effects on plants. On the basis of a wide range of experiments carried out in Sweden over the last 15 years, the report describes how ozone affects agricultural crops, forest trees and wild plants. isbn 91-620-4970-4 issn 0282-7298
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.406 | 0.254 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".