THE ORIGIN AND THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HEPA- RIN: THE SPECIFIC THERAPY IN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Chemistry of Heparin. A few years after the discovery of heparin by McLean * in 1916, while working under Howell, the latter author found that heparin gives a color reaction for uronic acids.2 When the Toronto School at the Connaught Laboratories, in 1933,3 had solved the problem of preparing larger quantities of heparin directly from fresh organs, I succeeded, in 1935,4 in identifying heparin, as a mucopolysaccharide resembling the chondroitin sulfuric acid of the cartilage. The strongest heparin samples were found to contain about 26 per cent of a uronic acid and about 23 per cent of glucosamine, these components together making up about 90 per cent of the organic skeleton of heparin. On this occasion, the observation was made that heparin contains ester sulfuric acid, and surprisingly enough, not only one group to each disaccharide unit, as in chondroitin sulfuric acid, but three groups making up not less than 45 per cent of the weight of the free acid. Opinion is now unanimous with regard to these facts. The uronic acid in heparin is claimed to be glucuronic acid.5 Opinions
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".