Canada A Distributed Drag Force Approach for the Numerical Simulation of Urban Flows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sa majeste " la reine, represented par le ministre de la Defense nationale, 2004 A modified k-e model is proposed for the simulation of the mean wind speed and turbulence for a neutrally-stratified flow through and over a building array, where groups of buildings in the array are aggregated and treated as a porous barrier. This model is based on time averaging the spatially-averaged Navier-Stokes equation, in which the effects of the obstacle-atmosphere interaction are included through the introduction of a volumetric momentum sink (representing drag on the unresolved buildings in the array). In addition, closure of the time-averaged, spatially-averaged Navier-Stokes equations requires two additional prog-nostic equations, namely one for the time-averaged sub-filter kinetic energy, 7c, and another for the dissipation rate, e, of 7c. The transport equation for 7c can be derived from first principles and explicitly includes additional sources and sinks that arise from time aver-aging the product of the spatially-averaged velocity fluctuations and the distributed drag force fluctuations. The latter time-averaged product can be approximated systematically to any degree of accuracy using a Taylor series expansion and, to this end, a high-order
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".