PETITION TO LIST The Northwest Atlantic Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of the Thorny Skate (Amblyraja radiata) as an Endangered or Threatened Species or, Alternatively, to List the United States DPS of the Thorny Skate as an Endangered Species UNDER TH
Bibliographic record
Abstract
(NOAA), to list, as a Distinct Population Segment (DPS), the Northwest Atlantic Population of thorny skates (Amblyraja radiata) as endangered [or threatened] throughout all or a significant portion of its range pursuant to the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). In the alternative, AWI seeks an endangered listing for the United States DPS of the thorny skate. In addition, for the United States population, AWI seeks the designation of critical habitat as authorized by statute. The thorny skate is a “K‐selected ” species and as such is relatively long‐lived, reaches sexual maturity at a late age, and has a low fecundity. Given these life history characteristics and the species ’ limited ability to recover in response to abrupt population declines, the thorny skate is particularly vulnerable to overexploitation. Thorny skate populations throughout the northwest Atlantic have declined precipitously over the past four decades. In Canada, where the species is still fished in a directed fishery, thorny skates have suffered a dramatic population decline since the 1980s that is conspicuously parallel to the species’ decline in United States waters. Though the species is ostensibly maintaining historically low, relatively stable population numbers in Canadian waters currently, there is evidence of hyper‐aggregation at the species ’ center of biomass for the northwest Atlantic, with 80 % of the biomass now concentrated in 20%
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.047 | 0.028 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".