Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.Migratory charr schools exhibit population and kin associations beyond juvenile stages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Few studies have critically investigated the genetic composition of wild fish schools. Yet, such investigations may have profound implications for the understanding of social organ-ization and population differentiation in both fundamental and applied research. Using 20 microsatellite loci, we investigated the composition of 53 schools (total n = 211) of adult and subadult migratory brook charr ( Salvelinus fontinalis) sampled from the known feeding areas of two populations inhabiting Mistassini Lake (Québec, Canada). We specifically tested whether (i) school members originated from the same population, (ii) individuals from the same population within schools were kin (half- or full-siblings), and (iii) kin schooling relationships differed between sexes. Randomization tests revealed a tendency for most schools to be population specific, although some schools were population mix-tures. Significantly more kin were found within schools than expected at random for both
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.122 | 0.104 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".