Biodiversity Research on Green Roofs: Developing a Research Protocol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Green roofs can create habitat for plants, microorganisms, insects, and birds (Getter and Rowe, 2006). A biodiversity study of seventeen green roofs in Basel, Switzerland found 78 spider and 254 beetle species. Eighteen percent of those spiders and 11 % of the beetles were listed as rare and some were considered as endangered (Brenneisen, 2003). In Berlin, Darius and Drepper (1984) found grasshoppers, white grubs, beetles, and a high number of mites on 50-year old green roofs, and in Switzerland, nine orchid species and other rare and endangered plant species were found on a 90-year-old green roof (Brenneisen, 2004). In the UK, green roofs have been found to provide habitat for the Black Red Start, and endangered bird species (Gedge, 2003). In northeastern Switzerland, nine orchid species and other rare and endangered plant species existed on a 90-year-old green roof (Brenneisen, 2004). In addition, many birds have been recorded using green roofs in Germany, Switzerland, and England (Brenneisen, 2003; Gedge, 2003). Two years of observations on a green roof located on the York University campus in Toronto, Ontario indicated an increase
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.114 | 0.096 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.011 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.120 | 0.035 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".