Second Wallace E. Pratt Conference “Petroleum Provinces of the 21st Century” Petroleum Provinces of Canada for the 21st Century 1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Remaining reserves of marketable crude oil and natural gas in Canada are in excess of 1.43 x 109 m3 (9 billion barrels) and 1.84 x 1012 m3 (65 trillion cubic feet (Tcf). These reserves enable current annual extraction rates of 127 x 106 m3 (800 million barrels) of oil and 170 x 109m3 (6 Tcf) of natural gas, mainly from the mature Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. In the next millennium, expanded contributions to production capacity will come initially from the Mesozoic Jeanne d’Arc Basin (e.g. Hibernia & Terra Nova oil) offshore Newfoundland and basins off Nova Scotia (e.g. Sable Island gas). In northern Alberta, additional investment in exploiting the Cretaceous oil sands will enhance the production of upgraded (synthetic) crude oil, bitumen and heavy oil. Notwithstanding the technical and commercial challenges, predictions of remaining exploitable resources in accessible areas exceed 5.6 x 1012 m3 (200 Tcf) of gas and 16 x 109 m3 (100 billion barrels) of bitu-men. In addition to oil sands, tight gas and coalbed methane in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, sig-nificant undeveloped resources are known in the remote Canadian Arctic islands (Sverdrup Basin), the Labrador shelf (gas) and the Beaufort Basin (gas and oil). Many of these resources will remain “orphaned”, depending on environmental aspects, delivery costs, markets and commodity price. Current “stranded gas ” in the Mackenzie Delta and the shallow offshore waters of the Beaufort Sea could be connected (via the Mackenzie Valley corridor) to the natural gas pipeline grid serving domestic and United States markets. Associated gas reserves (presently re-injected at Hibernia) in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, if not connected to shore by pipeline, may be developed using either natural gas to liquid conversion or compressed gas transport tech-nologies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.077 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".