Sources and Measurement of Agricultural Productivity and Efficiency in Canadian Provinces: Crops and Livestock
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study measures and assesses the variation in total factor productivity (TFP) growth among all the Canadian provinces in crops and livestock production over the period 1940-2009. It also determines if agricultural productivity growth in Canada has recently slowed down. The paper uses the stochastic frontier approach which incorporates inefficiency to decompose TFP growth into technical change, scale effect, and technical efficiency change. The results indicate that productivity changes were mainly driven by technical changes for crops, while the productivity change in livestock was mainly driven by scale effects. Technical progress contribution to productivity growth in livestock was also significant. Though change in technical efficiency is mainly positive (except for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia), its contribution to productivity growth was rather very little for the Provinces. We also found that, over the entire period, the productivity growth rates for the crop sub-sector are on average higher for the Prairie Provinces than for the Eastern and Atlantic Provinces. On the other hand, the productivity growth rates in the livestock sub-sector are on the average higher in Eastern and Atlantic Provinces than in the Prairie region with the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".