Bibliographic record
Abstract
A brief history is given of the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the Universityof Michiganand its contributionsto theAerospacefreld. The University of Michigan has been involved in aerospace education since the very inception of the field. Indeed, our founder, Felix Pawlowski, is shown.with Orville Wright and other early aviation pioneers in Figure 1. To the best of our knowledge, ours was the first undergraduate program for aeronautical engineering offered anywhere. Because of this, we have a large group of graduates, a total of 6403, With 5094 stilI living... In the following, I concentrate on an anecdotal history of the department and its graduates and their contributions, rather then repeating only facts and figures. My material comes, in the main, from three sources: A University Publication, "A Century of Engineering Education", published in 1954 (1); "The First Fifty Years (a Fragmentary, Anecdotal History) (2)", written in 1964 on the occasion of our 50thAnniversary; and "The Third Quarter Century,More Fragmentary, Anecdotal History " written in 1989 on
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.422 | 0.177 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".