Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the three decades since it was first identified, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) has become recognized as the leading cause of cognitive disability in the U.S. and Canada, resulting in profound social and economic costs. While the occurrence of FASD requires maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, the factors associated with maternal drinking are often not identified, and difficult to address because they require intervention at level of social and health policy levels. Objective This article reviews the fundamentally important, but frequently minimized, and ignored role of fathers and their role in either contributing to or protecting against maternal alcohol consumption. Methods This article reviews the current literature on fathers and FASD. A specific focus on four distinct spheres in which fathers influence this condition emerge from the literature: genetics, being in couple relationship, part of a family, and in the larger environment. Results Informed by the literature, a series of best practice guidelines for men across these four domains is outlined. Finally, future directions are explored in which fathers are encouraged to participate with mothers and the larger community to preventing FASD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.185 | 0.051 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".