DISPATCHES Campylobacteriosis, Eastern Townships,
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Independent risk factors for campylobacteriosis (eating raw, rare, or undercooked poultry; consuming raw milk or raw milk products; and eating chicken or turkey in a commercial establishment) account for <50 % of cases in Québec. Substantial regional and seasonal variations in campylobacteriosis were not correlated with Campylobacter in chickens and suggested environmental sources of infection, such as drinking water. Published case-control studies provide conflicting results regarding the risk factors for sporadic campylobacteriosis. Poultry is commonly considered the principal source, and in some studies, was implicated in 50 % to 70 % of endemic cases (1,2). Campylobacter have been frequently cultured from poultry during processing (47%–82%) and retail distribution (23%–62%) (3–6). However, some studies observed no significant risk associated with eating chicken (7,8); in other studies, this factor was actually protective (9,10). We describe a prospective case-control study of domestically acquired Campylobacter infections combined with a prevalence study of Campylobacter spp. in whole retail chickens purchased in the Eastern Townships, Québec. The Study The Eastern Townships comprise seven counties and total ≈300,000 inhabitants. Hospital microbiology laboratories routinely report all Campylobacter enteritis cases to the regional public health department. All the laboratories in the study region, except in Granit County, routinely evaluated stool specimens for Campylobacter by using comparable standard methods for isolation and identification (Karmali or Skirrow media incubated for 72 h at 42°C in a microaerobic atmosphere). Granit County’s laboratory sent stool specimens for Campylobacter culture to our hospital microbiology laboratory on special medical request only. Incidence rates of campylobacteriosis in the Eastern Townships and Québec Province were calculated with demographic and reportable diseases data from provincial registers. *Faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; †Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux de l’Estrie, Québec, Canada; and ‡Boston University School of
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".