for Escherichia coli–Producing Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamases: Importance of Community Isolates with blaCTX-M Genes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A prospective, population-based laboratory surveillance study was conducted to define the epidemiology of extended-spectrum b-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli infections in the Calgary Health Region during the years 2000–2002. The incidence was 5.5 cases per 100,000 population per year. The annualized incidence of 3.9 cases per 100,000 population for January through March was significantly lower than the incidence for the other quarters of the year (6.0 per 100,000 population;). Seventy-one percent of subjects hadP!.01 community-onset disease. Patients aged 65 years (22.0 vs. 3.8 cases per 100,000 population per year; P!) and women (9.2 vs. 1.7 cases per 100,000 population per year; ) had significantly higher rates.0001 P!.0001 of infection. Polymerase chain reaction identified 23 (15%) of 157 isolates as positive for blaCTX-M genes from the CTX-M-I subgroup and 87 (55%) from the CTX-M-III subgroup. Ciprofloxacin resistance was indepen-dently associated with CTX-M–b-lactamases (odds ratio, 14.2; 95 % confidence interval, 3.69–54.84). Strains of E. coli with blaCTX-M genes commonly cause community-onset infections, and women and older patients are at highest risk. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial spe-cies in hospitals is widely recognized as one of the most important contemporary health care issues [1]. Gram-negative organisms producing extended-spectrum b-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".