International Cold Price Movements, 1972-1982
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper studies gold price movements during the decade 1972-82 which witnessed large fluctuations in gold price. Gold price traced out two principal cycles during the decade — moving up from 1971 it reached a peak in December 1974, then fell till the third quarter of 1976, rose again till early 1980, after which it fell up to June 1982. Several developments in world economy could have influenced these movements in gold prices. The authors ' study has, however, led them to conclude that the gold price cycles in the last decade were generated principally by speculative behaviour which, in turn, was influenced by cyclical forces in the world economic system. Specifically, the impact of three factors — inflationary expectations, exchange rate fluctuations and changes in interest rates — possibly influencing specuIation in gold is discussed. DURING the last decade, gold price has shown proneness to large and rapid fluctuations. Gold price has changed at particularly spectacular speeds in the latter half of the decade. The dollar price of gold increased
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".