1 Immigration and Settlement in Greater Sudbury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sudbury is located in the Canadian Shield and north of Georgian Bay. It is 483 km west of Ottawa, 390 km north of Toronto and 290 km east of Sault Ste Marie. It is a typical northern city with long cold winters and an average temperature of minus 13°C in January. Summers are generally hot and dry or humid and warm with average temperatures of 18°C. Spring and fall are short lived. History Sudbury emerged as a railway post in 1883 during the construction of the transnational rail line. Describing the history of development in Sudbury, Wallace (1993a) states that initially it was intended to be a temporary camp for railway workers and a permanent settlement in this area was beyond imagination because the terrain was “dominated by gigantic rock outcrops interspersed with extensive swamps and endless lakes ” (p. 13). With about 3,350 workers Sudbury became the major construction site and a company town (Krats, cited in Wallace 1993a, 14). The discovery of rich mineral deposits, particularly nickel and copper, in this area paved the way for a city with sustained development. Many mining companies acquired land and started their operations in the mid and late 1880s and the population started increasing gradually.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".