CGU HS Committee on River Ice Processes and the Environment 14th Workshop on the Hydraulics of Ice Covered Rivers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On rivers and lakes with low flow velocities, which are usually associated with low turbulence characteristics, the surface temperature will not be mixed through the whole depth of the water; this creates a vertical temperature gradient (i.e., warm at depth, cool at the surface). When there is stratification and the surface temperature reaches supercooling surface ice begins to form at the water surface. The physical processes leading to the formation of surface ice are not fully understood, yet its presence on water surface affects the operation of many different kinds of hydraulic structures. Herein, a counter rotating flume located in the Hydraulics Research & Testing Facility at The University of Manitoba was used to extensively study the formation of skim ice for variable flow parameters: water depth, flow velocity, bed roughness, and air temperature. Two thermometers, one on the surface layer and the other on the average depth, are used to study the temperature gradient and the degree of supercooling on the water surface and on the depth. Two cameras, one located on the top and the other on the side, are used to capture the ice particles on the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.050 | 0.015 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".