Attitudes and Concerns of Parents of Cleft Palate Children about Speech Problems and Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate: 1-The attitudes and concerns of patients with cleft palate (CP) and their parents toward speech problems and therapy 2-The impact of speech problems on the patient’s life. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted in the cleft palate unit of Montréal Children’s Hospital, Canada. A questionnaire was used to collect the data on CP patients and their parents ’ attitudes and concerns about speech problems and therapy. Results: Subjects of this study were divided into two groups; patients who have not had speech problem (group 1 = 26 subjects, 70%) and patients who have had speech problems (group 2 = 11 subjects, 30%). The majority (91%) of the parents in group 2 noticed the speech problem of their child when they were ≤3 years. In half of these patients, the speech therapy started when they were 3 years old. The majority of speech therapy was long-term and conducted by a speech-language pathologist with some parental involvement. More than half of group 2 thought that the school
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".