Must There Be Two Solitudes? Language Activists and Linguists Working Together
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper suggests that there can be two solitudes that divide linguists and language activists and argues that there needs to be a mutual recognition that linguists and Indigenous communities need to work together to help revitalize Indigenous languages. It takes a community of people to revitalize an Indigenous language, and in order for linguists and language activists to truly work together, general principles such as relationships, respect, reciprocity and recognition are critical. In Canada, there is a phrase that is sometimes used to signify the relationship between English-speaking Canada and French-speaking Canada, two solitudes. This term was popularized by Hugh MacLennan in the title of his 1945 novel, Two Solitudes. The publisher’s blurb for this book says the following: A landmark of nationalist fiction, Hugh MacLennan’s Two Solitudes is the story of two races within one nation, each with its own legend and ideas of what a nation should be. In his vivid portrayals of human drama in prewar Quebec, MacLennan focuses on two individuals whose
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.023 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.035 | 0.061 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.025 | 0.029 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.022 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.021 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".