Canadian Surveillance of Space Concept Demonstrator: Metric Accuracy and Limiting Magnitude Assessment”, Acta Astronautica 57
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an analysis of the time dependence of relative visible magnitudes (“light curves”) of Molniya resident space objects (RSOs). The CCD image data were obtained in sidereal-stare mode, where the satellite is allowed to streak through a ‘stationary ’ star field. Various streak extraction algorithms were coded, enabling generation and subsequent analysis of the along-track light-curves of RSOs. The algorithms were tested on virtual data, and then used to examine Molniya-class objects whose light-curves exhibit variability over the image exposure durations. Fourier analysis and other time-series comparisons were performed on archived observations made over periods ranging from a single night to more than a year. The oscillation periods appear stable over periods of up to 18 months; current data will be presented to illustrate the stability of these light curves over the past 6 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".