be reached at (613) 951-2124 or perspectives@statcan.ca. Data source and definitions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
has been a source of longitudinal data since 1993. Respondents are surveyed twice a year—once on labour and once on income—for six consecutive years. Each six-year period is called a panel, and new panels are begun every three years. Presently, longitudinal data are available from two complete panels, 1993 to 1998 and 1996 to 2001, which have been combined into a single file. Because each panel represents the Canadian population at the time of sample selection, a panel identif ier was added to the fi le to test for possible cohort effects. To ensure accurate variance estimation, bootstrap weights from the final year of each panel were added to the file. Immigrants were divided into three groups based on years in Canada at the start of their panel. Early immi-grants had been in Canada for at least 17 years, mid-term immigrants from 7 to 16 years, and recent immigrants from 1 to 6 years. These time periods correspond to those used by Morissette and Zhang (2001). Visible minority status is derived from responses to questions on ethnic background, mother tongue and country of birth, using a procedure developed by the
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.913 | 0.785 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".