Professional I s s u e s The Burden of Debt for Canadian Dental Students: Part 2. A Report on Survey Participants and an Analysis of Dental Education Costs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are many anecdotes, but few facts about the issue of dental students ’ debt in Canada. This second of a 4-part series about dental students ’ debt attempts to remedy this situation. In January 2004, students at Canada’s 10 dental schools were invited to participate in a survey on costs, debt and other factors related to attending dental school in Canada. The survey provided previously inaccessible demographic information about levels of debt amongst dental students. A typical dental student respondent had com-pleted 4 years of post-secondary education, was in first year of dental school, was single with no dependents, did not work outside of classes, lived in rented accommodation and walked to school. Reported costs to attend dental school varied widely among Canadian dental schools. Choice of school and year of study had a significant effect on overall costs of attending dental school.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".