ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SWITCHING FROM PRE- PLANT FUMIGATION WITH METHYL BROMIDE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since phase out schedules for methyl bromide were announced under the Montreal Protocol and the Clean Air Act, researchers have been investigating alternatives to methyl bromide fumigation for both pre-plant and post-harvest uses. They have also been exploring methods of decreasing emissions of methyl bromide through closed chambers and impermeable tarps. As the year 2001 approaches, growers are exploring these alternatives as options after the ban on methyl bromide production and importation comes into place. We examine the most likely alternatives that growers will use and how these methods will alter yields and costs. Given the next best alternatives, we examine impacts on crop production, prices and society’s welfare. Methyl bromide is primarily used as an agricultural fumigant in the high-valued horticultural crops in California and Florida as well as Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina to a lesser degree. In the markets for these crops, the primary competitors are the Mexican states of Baja California, Sinaloa, and Sonora. These states will be able to replace some of the production losses incurred in the United
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".