Social Entrepreneurship in Developing Nations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
February, 2002“Social Entrepreneurship strives to combine the heart of business with the heart of the community through the creativity of the individual.”--Gary McPherson, Executive Director, Canadian Center for Social Entrepreneurship “Social Entrepreneurship ” is a broad term that does not have a widely accepted precise definition. In practice, it is used to describe everything from revolutionary leaders in third world countries who are not at all involved in business to first world businessmen and women who start a socially-responsible business in their home country. Thus Mahatma Gandhi and Ben Cohen of Ben & Jerry’s could be thrown into the same category. This paper, however, will examine one type of social entrepreneurship represented by a number of small and mid-sized for-profit businesses that offer a product or set of products that fulfill a larger social need. This could be in the area(s) of health, education, environmental sustainability, or economic development, while simultaneously operating in and selling to a low-income population in the developing world. 1 This subsector is of interest specifically because it is nascent, very new, yet full of possibilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges and opportunities in this sector,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".