Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology of the Lower Deschutes River Canyon, Oregon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The morphology of the Deschutes River canyon downstream of the Pelton-Round Butte dam complex is the product of the regional geologic history, the composition of the geologic units that compose the valley walls, and Quaternary processes and events. Geologic units within the valley walls and regional deformation patterns con-trol overall valley morphology. Valley bottom morphology is mostly the result of Quaternary events. These include several large landslides, which have caused retreat of the canyon rims but have also constricted the valley bottom with immense volumes of debris. In at least two instances (as at Whitehorse Rapids), landslides blocked the channel, resulting in ponding, breaching of landslide dams, and downstream floods. Large floods fiom other mechanisms have also formed many valley-bottom features along the lower Deschutes River. A large Pleistocene lahar resulting fiom a circa 0.07 Ma eruption of Mount Jefferson left bouldery deposits along the valley margins for most of the canyon length. The 15,000-12,700 14C yr BP Missoula floods backflood-ed up the Deschutes River fiom the Columbia River and mantled the downstream-most 60 lun of Deschutes River valley with bedded silt and clay. A large, possibly meteorologic flood between 6,500 and 3,000 14C yr BP left abundant boulder bars and high sand and silt deposits that flank the channel in wider valley-bottom locations. In contrast, large historic main-stem floods, such as December 1964 and February 1996, had few effects on channel geomorphology due to the volume and coarseness of val-ley bottom deposits left by the earlier and larger floods and landslides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".